Thucydides: The Peloponnesian WarGrade 8dialectic Stage

The Mytilenean Debate

The city of Mytilene revolted against Athens and was recaptured. The Athenian assembly voted to execute all adult men and enslave the women and children - and sent a ship with orders. But the next day, having second thoughts, they held another debate. Cleon argues for execution: mercy invites more revolts, and the Mytileneans deserve death for betraying Athens. Diodotus argues for clemency - NOT on moral grounds, but practical ones: harsh punishment won't deter rebellion, and killing everyone means no one will ever surrender. The vote is extremely close, but Diodotus wins. A second ship races to stop the first and arrives just in time.

The Text

What You'll Learn

1

Comprehension

Explains the situation: Mytilene revolted, was recaptured, Athens voted for mass execution

2

Cause & Consequence

Explains Cleon's logic: empire requires fear, mercy will be seen as weakness

3

Meaning

Takes a position on who was right: Cleon or Diodotus

4

Evidence

Cites a specific argument or phrase from Cleon or Diodotus

5

Defense

Maintains or thoughtfully revises their position under challenge

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